Object Oriented Programming 2075
Long answer question:
Group A
Attempt any two questions:(2 x 10 = 20)
1. Explain the concept of user-defined to user-defined data conversion rotine located in the destination class.
2. Depict the difference between private and public derivation. Explain derived class constructor with suitable program.
3. Briefly explain the hierarchy of stream classes. Write a program that overloads extraction and insertion operators.
Short answer questions:
Group B
Attempt any eight questions:(8 x 5 = 40)
4. Write a member function called reverseit() that reverses a string ( an array of character). Use a for loop that swaps the first and last characters, then the second and next-to last characters and so on. The string should be passed to reverseit() as an argument.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void reverseit(char *p)
{
int j;
int len=strlen(p);
j=len-1;
for(int i=0;i<len/2;i++)
{
char a=p[i];
p[i]=p[j];
p[j]=a;
j--;
}
cout<<"\\n\\nReverse Of String :";
puts(p);
}
void main()
{
char str[50];
char ch;
cout<<"\\nEnter The String : ";
gets(str);
reverseit(str);
getch();
}
5. What is the principle reason for using default arguments in the function? Explain how missing arguments and default arguments are handled by the function simultaneously?
A function can be called without specifying all its arguments. But it does not work on any general function. The function declaration must provide default values for those arguments that are not specified. When the arguments are missing from function call , default value will be used for calculation.
Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(int a, int b=10, int c=20);
int main(){
cout<<sum(11)<<endl; /* In this case a value is passed as 11 and b and c values are taken from default arguments.*/
cout<<sum(11, 12)<<endl; /* In this case a value is passed as 11 and b value as 12, value of c values is taken from default arguments.*/
cout<<sum(11, 12, 13)<<endl; /* In this case all the three values are passed during function call, hence no default arguments have been used.*/
return 0;
}
int sum(int a, int b, int c){
int z;
z = a+b+c;
return z;
}
6."An overloaded function appears to perform different activities depending the kind of data send to it" Justify the statement with appropriate example.
7. Explain the default action of the copy constructor. Write a suitable program that demonstrates the technique of overloading the copy constructor.
8. Briefly explain types of inheritance used in object oriented Programming.
9. Create a real scenario where static data members are useful. Explain with suitable example.
10. Create a function called swaps() that interchanges the values of the two arguments sent to it (pass these arguments by reference). Make the function into a template, so it can be used with all numerical data types (char, int, float, and so on). Write a main() program to exercise the function with several types.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
void swaps(T &a,T &b) //Function Template
{
T temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}
int main()
{
int x1=5,y1=9;
float x2=3.5,y2=6.5;
cout<<"Before Swap:"<<endl;
cout<<"x1="<<x1<<"y1="<<y1<<endl;
cout<<"x2="<<x2<<"y2="<<y2<<endl;
swaps(x1,y1);
swaps(x2,y2);
cout<<"After Swap:"<<endl;
cout<<"x1="<<x1<<"y1="<<y1<<endl;
cout<<"x2="<<x2<<"y2="<<y2<<endl;
return 0;
}
11. Explain how exceptions are used for handling C++ error in a systematic and OOP-oriented way with the design that includes multiple exceptions.
Exceptions are run-time anomalies or abnormal conditions that a program encounters during its execution. Exception Handling in C++ is a process to handle runtime errors. We perform exception handling so the normal flow of the application can be maintained even after runtime errors. In C++, we use 3 keywords to perform exception handling: try, catch, and throw
- The
trystatement allows us to define a block of code to be tested for errors while it is being executed. - The
throwkeyword throws an exception when a problem is detected, which lets us create a custom error. - The
catchstatement allows us to define a block of code to be executed, if an error occurs in the try block.
Syntax to handle multiple exceptions:
try
{
//protected code
} catch(exceptionName e1)
{
// catch block
} catch(exceptionName e2)
{
// catch block
} catch(exceptionName en)
{
// catch block
}
Example:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=2;
try
{
if(a==1)
throw a; //throwing integer exception
else if(a==2)
throw 'A'; //throwing character exception
else if(a==3)
throw 4.5; //throwing float exception
}
catch(int a)
{
cout<<"\\nInteger exception caught.";
}
catch(char ch)
{
cout<<"\\nCharacter exception caught.";
}
catch(double d)
{
cout<<"\\nDouble exception caught.";
}
cout<<"\\nEnd of program.";
}
Output :
Character exception caught.
End of program.
12. How is character I/O different from Binary I/O? Explain with examples.