Business Statistics - Syllabus

Course Overview and Structure

Embark on a profound academic exploration as you delve into the Business Statistics course (Business Statistics) within the distinguished Tribhuvan university's BBS department. Aligned with the 2013 Syllabus, this course (MGT 202) seamlessly merges theoretical frameworks with practical sessions, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Rigorous assessment based on a 100 marks system, coupled with a challenging passing threshold of , propels students to strive for excellence, fostering a deeper grasp of the course content.

This 3 credit-hour journey unfolds as a holistic learning experience, bridging theory and application. Beyond theoretical comprehension, students actively engage in practical sessions, acquiring valuable skills for real-world scenarios. Immerse yourself in this well-structured course, where each element, from the course description to interactive sessions, is meticulously crafted to shape a well-rounded and insightful academic experience.


Course objective

The basic objective of this course is to acquaint the students with necessary mathematical tools and statistical techniques to be used in business decision making processes.

Course Description

This course contains introduction to statistics, classification and presentation of data, measures of central tendency,   measures of dispersion , Skewness, kurtosis and moments , simple correlation and regression analysis, analysis of time series, index numbers , probability, sampling and estimation, quantitative analysis, determinant and matrix .

Units

Key Topics

  • Introduction to Computers
    IN-01

    An overview of computers and their significance in today's world. This topic sets the stage for understanding the basics of computers.

  • Digital and Analog Computers
    IN-02

    Understanding the difference between digital and analog computers, their characteristics, and applications.

  • Characteristics of Computers
    IN-03

    Exploring the key characteristics of computers, including input, processing, storage, and output.

  • History of Computers
    IN-04

    A brief history of computers, from their inception to the present day, highlighting key milestones and developments.

  • Generations of Computers
    IN-05

    Understanding the different generations of computers, including their features, advantages, and limitations.

  • Classification of Computers
    IN-06

    Categorizing computers based on their size, functionality, and application, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.

  • The Computer System
    IN-07

    An in-depth look at the components of a computer system, including hardware and software.

Key Topics

  • Common Client-side Web Technologies
    CL-1

    This topic covers the fundamental technologies used on the client-side of web development, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

  • JQuery
    CL-2

    This topic explores the use of JQuery, a popular JavaScript library, for client-side scripting and DOM manipulation.

  • Forms and Validation
    CL-3

    This topic discusses the importance of form validation and how to implement it using ASP.NET Core, including client-side and server-side validation techniques.

  • Single Page Application (SPA) Frameworks
    CL-4

    This topic introduces Single Page Application (SPA) frameworks, including Angular and React, and their role in building dynamic and interactive client-side applications.

  • Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
    CL-5

    SaaS implementation issues, key characteristics of SaaS, benefits of the SaaS model.

  • Jericho Cloud Cube Model
    CL-6

    A cloud service model framework.

  • User Defined Objects
    CL-10

    Creating custom objects with properties and methods.

  • Event Handling and Form Validation
    CL-11

    Handling events and validating form data with JavaScript.

  • Graphic Presentation
    CL-7

    Graphic presentation involves using graphs such as histograms, frequency polygons, and frequency curves to present data. It is a visual way of presenting data, making it easy to understand and analyze.

  • Histogram
    CL-8

    A histogram is a type of graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of different ranges of values. It is commonly used to display continuous data.

  • Frequency Polygon
    CL-9

    A frequency polygon is a type of graph that uses lines to connect the points representing the frequency of different ranges of values. It is commonly used to display continuous data.

Key Topics

  • Memory Hierarchy
    ME-1

    The organization of memory in a computer system, including main memory, RAM, ROM, and auxiliary memory. This topic covers the memory address map and connection to the CPU.

  • Main Memory
    ME-2

    The primary storage for data and program instructions in a computer system, including RAM and ROM chips.

  • Associative Memory
    ME-3

    A type of memory that uses hardware organization and match logic to perform read and write operations.

  • Cache Memory
    ME-4

    A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data, using locality of reference and mapping to improve performance.

  • Auxiliary Memory
    ME-5

    Secondary storage devices, including magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, used to store data and programs when not in use by the CPU.

  • Sources of Measurement Problems
    ME-6

    Identifying and addressing common sources of measurement problems in business research, including errors and biases.

  • Concept of Population, Sample, and Sampling
    ME-7

    Understanding the concepts of population, sample, and sampling in business research, including the importance of sampling and its applications.

  • Factors Affecting the Size of the Sample
    ME-8

    Exploring the factors that influence the size of the sample in business research, including population size, variability, and desired level of precision.

Key Topics

  • Memory Hierarchy
    ME-1

    The organization of memory in a computer system, including main memory, RAM, ROM, and auxiliary memory. This topic covers the memory address map and connection to the CPU.

  • Main Memory
    ME-2

    The primary storage for data and program instructions in a computer system, including RAM and ROM chips.

  • Associative Memory
    ME-3

    A type of memory that uses hardware organization and match logic to perform read and write operations.

  • Cache Memory
    ME-4

    A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data, using locality of reference and mapping to improve performance.

  • Auxiliary Memory
    ME-5

    Secondary storage devices, including magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, used to store data and programs when not in use by the CPU.

  • Sources of Measurement Problems
    ME-6

    Identifying and addressing common sources of measurement problems in business research, including errors and biases.

  • Concept of Population, Sample, and Sampling
    ME-7

    Understanding the concepts of population, sample, and sampling in business research, including the importance of sampling and its applications.

  • Factors Affecting the Size of the Sample
    ME-8

    Exploring the factors that influence the size of the sample in business research, including population size, variability, and desired level of precision.

Key Topics

  • Skewness
    SK-1

    Skewness is a measure of asymmetry of a probability distribution. It measures how much a distribution deviates from a normal distribution.

  • Measurement of Skewness
    SK-2

    This topic covers the methods of measuring skewness, including Karl Pearson's and Bowley's methods, and the five-number summary and box-whisker plot.

  • Kurtosis
    SK-3

    Kurtosis is a measure of the tailedness of a probability distribution. It measures how much a distribution deviates from a normal distribution in terms of peakedness.

  • Measurement of Kurtosis
    SK-4

    This topic covers the methods of measuring kurtosis, including the percentile method.

  • Moments
    SK-5

    Moments are summary measures of a probability distribution. They describe the shape and characteristics of a distribution.

  • Central and Raw Moments
    SK-6

    Central moments are moments measured around the mean, while raw moments are moments measured around zero. This topic covers the relationship between central and raw moments.

  • Measurement of Skewness and Kurtosis by Moment Method
    SK-7

    This topic covers the method of measuring skewness and kurtosis using moments.

Key Topics

  • Simulation Tools
    SI-1

    Overview of software tools used for simulation, including their features and applications.

  • Simulation Languages
    SI-2

    Introduction to programming languages specifically designed for simulation, such as GPSS.

  • GPSS Simulation Language
    SI-3

    In-depth study of the GPSS simulation language, including its syntax, features, and examples.

  • Case Studies of Simulation
    SI-4

    Analysis of real-world examples of simulation in different domains, highlighting their objectives, methodologies, and outcomes.

  • Simulation Models
    SI-5

    Concepts and techniques for designing and developing simulation models, including model types and their applications.

  • Construction of Mathematical Models
    SI-6

    Methods for building mathematical models that can be used for simulation, including equation-based and algorithmic models.

Meaning, need and components of time series. Measurement of trend: Semi-average, moving average, method of least squares; Measurement of seasonal variation: Method of simple average and Ratio to moving average

Meaning and types of Index Number; General rule and problems in construction of Index Number Methods of constructing index numbers: Simple and weighted (Aggregative and Price Relative Method) Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s Index Number, Fisher’s Ideal Index Number; Time and Factor Reversal Tests ,Cost of living index number (Consumer’s price index number): Aggregative Expenditure Method and Family Budget Method, Base shifting and Deflating

Key Topics

  • Project Management Techniques
    PR-1

    This topic covers various project management techniques used to plan, organize, and control projects. It includes developing project management plans and implementing, monitoring, and controlling projects.

  • Collaborative Development Environment
    PR-2

    This topic focuses on creating an environment that fosters collaboration and teamwork. It includes communications planning, organizing and conducting effective meetings, and other collaborative development strategies.

  • Inter Process Communication
    PR-3

    Methods of communication between processes, including race conditions and critical sections.

  • Implementing Mutual Exclusion
    PR-4

    Techniques for achieving mutual exclusion, including busy waiting, sleep and wakeup, semaphores, monitors, and message passing.

  • Classical IPC Problems
    PR-5

    Solutions to classic inter-process communication problems, including producer-consumer, sleeping barber, and dining philosopher problems.

Meaning of sample and population, census versus sampling, Sampling Techniques, Concept of Sampling distribution, standard error, Estimation, estimator; Concept of types of estimates: Point and Interval.

Key Topics

  • Query Processing
    QU-1

    Concept of query processing, including the steps involved in processing a query and the role of the query processor.

  • Query Trees and Heuristics
    QU-2

    Query trees and heuristics for query optimization, including the use of query trees to represent queries and heuristics to guide optimization.

  • Query Execution Plans
    QU-3

    Choice of query execution plans, including the factors that influence the choice of plan and the importance of plan selection.

  • Cost-Based Optimization
    QU-4

    Cost-based optimization, including the use of cost estimates to guide optimization and the role of cost-based optimization in query processing.

  • Measurement of Queueing System Performance
    QU-5

    This topic covers the metrics and methods used to measure the performance of queuing systems, including efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of service.

  • Networks of Queuing Systems
    QU-6

    This topic explores the concept of networks of queuing systems, with a focus on computer systems and their applications.

Definition of determinant, Methods of finding the numerical values of determinant upto three order, Properties of determinant and its use to find the numerical values of determinants, Cramer’s Rule to solve simultaneous equations up to three variables.

Definition and types of matrix, Addition, subtraction and multiplication of matrices, Cofactors, Transpose, Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix, Inverse and Row Operations method to solve simultaneous equations upto three unknowns. (Illustrations and applications in all chapters should be based on Business and Management situation as far as possible.)