Computer Fundamentals and Applications - Syllabus

An overview of computers and their significance in today's world. This topic sets the stage for understanding the basics of computers.

Understanding the difference between digital and analog computers, their characteristics, and applications.

Exploring the key characteristics of computers, including input, processing, storage, and output.

A brief history of computers, from their inception to the present day, highlighting key milestones and developments.

Understanding the different generations of computers, including their features, advantages, and limitations.

Categorizing computers based on their size, functionality, and application, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.

An in-depth look at the components of a computer system, including hardware and software.

Exploring the various applications of computers in different fields, including business, education, and healthcare.

Understanding the legal framework governing E-commerce in Nepal.

This topic explores the various application areas of simulation, including engineering, economics, and healthcare.

Ethical considerations and principles in software engineering, including accountability, privacy, and intellectual property.

This topic covers the fundamental logic gates NOT, OR, and AND, including their symbols, truth tables, and applications.

This topic explores the universal logic gates NOR and NAND, their properties, and how they can be used to implement other logic gates.

This topic discusses the EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, their truth tables, and applications in digital circuits.

This topic introduces Boolean algebra, including postulates, theorems, and canonical forms, and how they are used to simplify logic functions.

Understanding how to optimize e-commerce systems for search engines to improve visibility and drive traffic. This includes understanding how search engines work and techniques to improve search engine rankings.

In-depth understanding of how search engines crawl, index, and retrieve data to provide search results. This topic covers the inner workings of search engines.

Optimizing individual web pages to improve search engine rankings. This includes techniques such as keyword optimization, meta tags, and content optimization.

Building a website's reputation and authority through external factors such as backlinks, social media, and online reputation management.

Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including its definition, importance, and evolution. This topic covers the basics of DBMS and its role in managing data.

Database models refer to the conceptual representation of data organization and structure. This topic covers different database models such as hierarchical, network, and relational models.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard language for managing relational databases. This topic covers the basics of SQL, including data definition, data manipulation, and data control languages.

Database design involves designing an efficient and secure database system. This topic covers database design principles, data security threats, and security measures to protect databases.

A data warehouse is a centralized repository that stores data from various sources. This topic covers the concept of data warehousing, its architecture, and its applications.

Data mining involves extracting useful patterns and knowledge from large datasets. This topic covers data mining techniques, including data preprocessing, pattern evaluation, and knowledge representation.

A database administrator (DBA) is responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining a database system. This topic covers the roles and responsibilities of a DBA, including database performance tuning and troubleshooting.

Introduction to databases, including examples and basic concepts.

Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including advantages and examples.

Types of database users, including actors on the scene and workers behind the scene.

Advantages and benefits of using databases.

Types of data models, including hierarchical, network, ER, relational, and object models.

Three-schema architecture, including internal, conceptual, and external views.

Data independence, including logical and physical independence.

Types of database languages, including DDL, DML, SDL, and VDL.

Types of database interfaces, including menu-based, mobile apps, form-based, and GUI.

The database system environment, including DBMS component modules, utilities, tools, and communications facilities.

Overview of E-commerce and its significance in the digital age.

Understanding the differences between E-business and E-commerce.

Key characteristics and benefits of E-commerce.

Types of E-commerce models and their applications.

Evolution and development of E-commerce over time.

Understanding the components of E-commerce framework including People, Public Policy, Marketing and Advertisement, Support Services, and Business Partnerships.

Overview of different types of E-commerce including B2C, B2B, C2B, C2C, M-Commerce, U-commerce, Social-Ecommerce, and Local E-commerce.

Common obstacles and difficulties faced in E-commerce.

Current state and trends of E-commerce in Nepal.

Understanding the legal framework governing E-commerce in Nepal.

Ethical considerations and principles in software engineering, including accountability, privacy, and intellectual property.

Exploring the role of distributed computing in grid and cloud environments, including its applications and benefits.

This topic covers the fundamental logic gates NOT, OR, and AND, including their symbols, truth tables, and applications.

This topic explores the universal logic gates NOR and NAND, their properties, and how they can be used to implement other logic gates.

This topic discusses the EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, their truth tables, and applications in digital circuits.

This topic introduces Boolean algebra, including postulates, theorems, and canonical forms, and how they are used to simplify logic functions.

This topic covers the use of Karnaugh maps to simplify logic functions, including analysis of SOP and POS expressions.

This topic explores the implementation of combinational logic functions using encoders, decoders, half adders, and full adders.

This topic covers the implementation of data processing circuits, including multiplexers, de-multiplexers, parallel adders, and parity generators/checkers.

This topic introduces the basic concepts of programmable logic, including PROM, EPROM, PAL, and PLA.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function, similar to PLA but with some differences.

A type of secondary storage that uses light to read and write data, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

A type of secondary storage that uses a combination of magnetic and optical technologies to store data.

The process of how a computer uses its memory to execute instructions and perform tasks.