Introduction to Information Technology - Syllabus

An overview of computers and their significance in today's world. This topic sets the stage for understanding the basics of computers.

Understanding the difference between digital and analog computers, their characteristics, and applications.

Exploring the key characteristics of computers, including input, processing, storage, and output.

A brief history of computers, from their inception to the present day, highlighting key milestones and developments.

Understanding the different generations of computers, including their features, advantages, and limitations.

Categorizing computers based on their size, functionality, and application, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.

An in-depth look at the components of a computer system, including hardware and software.

Exploring the various applications of computers in different fields, including business, education, and healthcare.

This topic covers the fundamental concepts of the relational model, including domains, attributes, tuples, and relations, as well as the characteristics of relations.

This topic explores the different types of constraints in the relational model, including domain constraints, key constraints, and constraints on null values.

This topic discusses the concept of relational database schemas, including relational database state, entity integrity, referential integrity, and foreign keys.

This topic covers update operations, transactions, and how to deal with constraint violations, including insert, delete, and update operations, as well as restrict, cascade, set null, and set default.

This topic introduces basic relational algebra operations, including unary operations (select, project, rename) and binary operations (set theory, Cartesian product, join, and outer join).

Defining the structure and constraints of XML documents using XML Schema.

Understanding simple and complex data types in XML Schema.

Using attributes in XML Schema to provide additional information.

Specifying default and fixed values for elements and attributes in XML Schema.

This topic covers the fundamental logic gates NOT, OR, and AND, including their symbols, truth tables, and applications.

This topic explores the universal logic gates NOR and NAND, their properties, and how they can be used to implement other logic gates.

This topic discusses the EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, their truth tables, and applications in digital circuits.

This topic introduces Boolean algebra, including postulates, theorems, and canonical forms, and how they are used to simplify logic functions.

This topic covers the use of Karnaugh maps to simplify logic functions, including analysis of SOP and POS expressions.

This topic explores the implementation of combinational logic functions using encoders, decoders, half adders, and full adders.

This topic covers the implementation of data processing circuits, including multiplexers, de-multiplexers, parallel adders, and parity generators/checkers.

This topic introduces the basic concepts of programmable logic, including PROM, EPROM, PAL, and PLA.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function, similar to PLA but with some differences.

A type of secondary storage that uses light to read and write data, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

A type of secondary storage that uses a combination of magnetic and optical technologies to store data.

The process of how a computer uses its memory to execute instructions and perform tasks.

Overview of E-commerce and its significance in the digital age.

Understanding the differences between E-business and E-commerce.

Key characteristics and benefits of E-commerce.

Types of E-commerce models and their applications.

Evolution and development of E-commerce over time.

Understanding the components of E-commerce framework including People, Public Policy, Marketing and Advertisement, Support Services, and Business Partnerships.

Overview of different types of E-commerce including B2C, B2B, C2B, C2C, M-Commerce, U-commerce, Social-Ecommerce, and Local E-commerce.

Introduction to databases, including examples and basic concepts.

Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including advantages and examples.

Types of database users, including actors on the scene and workers behind the scene.

Advantages and benefits of using databases.

Types of data models, including hierarchical, network, ER, relational, and object models.

Three-schema architecture, including internal, conceptual, and external views.

Data independence, including logical and physical independence.

Types of database languages, including DDL, DML, SDL, and VDL.

Types of database interfaces, including menu-based, mobile apps, form-based, and GUI.

The database system environment, including DBMS component modules, utilities, tools, and communications facilities.

Types of database architectures, including centralized, client/server, one-tier, two-tier, three-tier, and N-tier.

The internship work should be relevant to the field of computer science and information technology, with a minimum duration of 180 hours or ten weeks.

The internship evaluation consists of three phases: Proposal Submission, Mid-Term Submission, and Final Submission.

A regular faculty member of the college is assigned as a supervisor to supervise the students throughout the internship period.

A regular employee of the intern providing organization is assigned as a mentor to guide the students throughout the internship period.

The evaluation scheme consists of Proposal Defense, Midterm, and Final Defense, with a total of 200 marks.

The internship report should contain prescribed content flow, including introduction, problem statement, objectives, and references.

The citation and referencing standard should be APA referencing standard, with proper citation and referencing in the document.

The report format standards include page number, page size and margin, paragraph style, text font, section headings, figures and tables.

The final report should be submitted in three copies, with a golden embracing and black binding, to the Dean Office, Exam Section, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function, similar to PLA but with some differences.

A type of secondary storage that uses light to read and write data, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

A type of secondary storage that uses a combination of magnetic and optical technologies to store data.

The process of how a computer uses its memory to execute instructions and perform tasks.

Protection mechanisms for programs, processes, users, and resources.

User interface, including command-line interface (CLI) and graphical user interface (GUI).

Examples of operating systems, including MS-DOS, Windows, and Linux.

Introduction to databases, including examples and basic concepts.

Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including advantages and examples.

Types of database users, including actors on the scene and workers behind the scene.

Advantages and benefits of using databases.

Types of data models, including hierarchical, network, ER, relational, and object models.

Three-schema architecture, including internal, conceptual, and external views.

Data independence, including logical and physical independence.

Types of database languages, including DDL, DML, SDL, and VDL.

Types of database interfaces, including menu-based, mobile apps, form-based, and GUI.

The database system environment, including DBMS component modules, utilities, tools, and communications facilities.

Types of database architectures, including centralized, client/server, one-tier, two-tier, three-tier, and N-tier.

This topic covers the fundamental concepts of the relational model, including domains, attributes, tuples, and relations, as well as the characteristics of relations.

This topic explores the different types of constraints in the relational model, including domain constraints, key constraints, and constraints on null values.

This topic discusses the concept of relational database schemas, including relational database state, entity integrity, referential integrity, and foreign keys.

This topic covers update operations, transactions, and how to deal with constraint violations, including insert, delete, and update operations, as well as restrict, cascade, set null, and set default.

This topic introduces basic relational algebra operations, including unary operations (select, project, rename) and binary operations (set theory, Cartesian product, join, and outer join).

Defining the structure and constraints of XML documents using XML Schema.

Understanding simple and complex data types in XML Schema.

Using attributes in XML Schema to provide additional information.

Specifying default and fixed values for elements and attributes in XML Schema.

Restricting data types using facets in XML Schema.

Using patterns and order indicators (all, choice, sequence) to define element relationships.

Specifying the occurrence of elements using maxOccurs and minOccurs indicators.

Understanding Document Type Definitions (DTD) and their types.

Declaring elements and attributes in a DTD.

Transforming and formatting XML documents using XSL and XSLT.

Navigating and querying XML documents using XPath expressions.

Querying and manipulating XML data using XQuery.

An overview of the database concept, its importance, and relevance in modern computing. This topic sets the stage for the rest of the unit.

Definition, characteristics, and types of databases. This topic delves into the core concept of a database and its significance.

Components, architecture, and functionality of a database system. This topic explores the inner workings of a database system.

Definition, functions, and types of Database Management Systems (DBMS). This topic discusses the software that manages and interacts with databases.

Centralized, decentralized, and distributed database architectures. This topic examines the different ways database systems can be designed and organized.

Various uses and applications of databases in real-world scenarios. This topic showcases the practical applications of databases in different industries.

Concept, architecture, and benefits of data warehousing. This topic introduces the concept of data warehousing and its significance in business intelligence.

Definition, techniques, and applications of data mining. This topic explores the process of discovering patterns and insights from large datasets.

Characteristics, challenges, and opportunities of big data. This topic introduces the concept of big data and its implications on modern computing.

An overview of the concept of multimedia and its significance in the field of information technology.

Exploring the definition and scope of multimedia, including its various forms and formats.

Understanding the key characteristics of multimedia, such as interactivity, multimedia, and non-linearity.

Examining the fundamental elements that make up multimedia, including text, images, audio, and video.

Exploring the various applications of multimedia in different fields, such as education, entertainment, and communication.

The internship work should be relevant to the field of computer science and information technology, with a minimum duration of 180 hours or ten weeks.

The internship evaluation consists of three phases: Proposal Submission, Mid-Term Submission, and Final Submission.

A regular faculty member of the college is assigned as a supervisor to supervise the students throughout the internship period.

A regular employee of the intern providing organization is assigned as a mentor to guide the students throughout the internship period.

The evaluation scheme consists of Proposal Defense, Midterm, and Final Defense, with a total of 200 marks.

The internship report should contain prescribed content flow, including introduction, problem statement, objectives, and references.

The citation and referencing standard should be APA referencing standard, with proper citation and referencing in the document.

The report format standards include page number, page size and margin, paragraph style, text font, section headings, figures and tables.

The final report should be submitted in three copies, with a golden embracing and black binding, to the Dean Office, Exam Section, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University.

A type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a specific digital function, similar to PLA but with some differences.

A type of secondary storage that uses light to read and write data, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.