Computer Architecture - Unit Wise Questions

1. Write down the code to evaluate Y = A/B + CD + E  (F/G) in three address, two address, one address and zero address instruction format.

2. Explain the mapping function. Why replacement algorithm is used in set associative mapping? Explain with example.

3. Differentiate between interrupt driven I/O with programmed I/O. Explain with example how data transfer is performed in direct memory access(DMA).

4. Differentiate between fixed point representation and floating point representation.

4. What is an error detection code? Explain.

4. Explain the error detection codes with example.

4. Explain the computer components.

4. Explain the error detection code with example.

4. Explain the Grey code with example.

4. Differentiate between parity checker and parity generator.

4.Explain the floating point addition and subtraction with flowchart.

5. Comparison between RISC and CISC.

6. What are the key characteristics of computer memory system? Explain.

7. Explain input/output interface with example.

8. Compare the different types of addressing modes with example.

9. Explain the microprogram control unit with example.

11. Differentiate between I/O bus and interface modules.

10. Briefly explain fixed-point representation of numbers. What is the signed magnitude, 1’s complement and 2’s complement of -9?

10. Explain the non-restoring division algorithm with example.

11. Explain the input-output processor with block diagram.

12. Explain the data manipulation instruction with example.

12. Explain an inter connection network and its use.

13. Example the process of overflow detection with both signed and unsigned numbers.

13. Explain with example of Arithmetic microoperations.

14. Explain memory management hardware with example.

15. Write short notes on the following:

a) Virtual memory

b) Register organization.

15. Write short notes on the following.

a) Integer representation

b) Subroutines

5. Explain register transfer language with example.

5. Draw a circuit diagram to implement AND, OR, EX-OR, NOT and logic '1' logic microoperations. 

5. What do you mean by shift micro-operations? Explain.

5. Explain the arithmetic logic shift unit.

5. Differentiate between logic microoperations and shift microoperations.

5. Design the binary adder-subtractor with example.

5. Explain the logic micro operations with example.

6. What do you mean by logic micro-operations?

14. Define selective-set, selective-complement, selective-clear, mask, insert and clear operation with an example.

4. Draw an instruction cycle and state diagram with interrupt and explain it.

4. Explain the bus interconnection scheme with diagram.

5. What do you mean by instruction format? Explain with an example.

4. What do you mean by instruction format? Explain.

4. What do you understand by instruction set completeness? Explain.

5. Explain the stored-program concept with example.

5. What do you mean by interrupt? Draw and explain the flowchart for interrupt cycle.

6. Explain the I/O instruction with example.

6. What do you mean by computer register and computer instructions? Explain.

6. What do you understand by instruction format? Explain.

7. Explain the hardwired control unit with its advantages.

8. Explain the types of instruction format and compare each of them.

11. Explain about the basic computer instruction format. When instruction set is said to be complete.

13. Describe different types of instructions based on the number of addresses used with examples.

1. Differentiate between hardwired and microprogrammed control unit. Describe with example of microprogram sequencer used in microprogrammed control unit.

1. Explain the Micro program sequence with example. 

3. What is the general model of Microprogram Control Unit? Explain the major steps when you designing of microprogram control unit.

3. What is a microprogram sequencer? With block diagram, explain the working of microprogram sequencer.

5. Differentiate between Hardwired and Micro program control unit.

7. Explain the symbolic microinstruction with example.

8. Differentiate between hardwired control unit and microprogram control unit.

7. Differentiate between Hardwired control and micro-program control unit.

7. Differentiate between hardwired control unit and microprogrammed control unit.

8. What do you mean by control memory? Explain the microinstructions and microoperation format.

8. What do you mean by field decoding? Explain.

10. Differentiate between hardwired control unit and a micro programmed control unit.

2. Explain the various types of addressing modes and compare them algorithm, advantages and disadvantages.

1. Explain the different types of addressing modes and compare each other.

1. In the RISC architecture, what is meant by over lapping register window? Explain the relationship among register windows with over lapping register windows.

2. Explain with example of Data manipulation instructions.

3. Explain data transfer and manipulation instruction with example.

3. What do you understand by data transfer and manipulation instruction ? Explain in detail with the help of suitable examples.

6. Explain the data transfer instruction with example.

6. Write codes using 3, 2 and 1 address instruction formats to perform the given operation.

    X = A/B + C x D/C

7. Explain the various addressing modes with example.

5. Explain the logic micro instructions with practical example.

6. Write down the code to evaluate y = A(B/C – D) + E for one, two and three instruction format.

6. Differentiate between CISC and RISC architectures.

6. Explain with an example, how effective address is calculated in different types of addressing modes.

6. What do you mean by input and output interrupt? Explain.

6. Explain the computer instruction with example.

6. Explain the input-output interrupt with example.

7. Mention the different types of data transfer instructions and explain with example.

7. Mention the type of interrupt and explain it.

7. Differentiate between direct and indirect addressing modes.

7. Write a program to evaluate the arithmetic statement X = A + C (D - F) / G using two addresses and three address instruction.

8. What do you mean by addressing mode? Explain.

8. Explain the CISC architecture with example.

8. Explain with example of Data transfer instructions.

9. What are the major differences between RISC and CISC architecture.

9. What do you mean by addressing modes? Differentiate between indexed addressing modes and base register addressing mode.

9. What are the typical characteristics of RISC instruction set architecture? Explain.

9. Write down the following equation in three address, two address and one address instruction.

Y = AB + (C × D) + E( F / G)

10. Explain the characteristics of RISC and CISC.

11. Differentiate between  RISC and CISC architecture.

12. Differentiate between RISC and CISC architecture.

13. Explain the data transfer instructions with example.

12. Explain Overlapped register windows with suitable example.

12. Explain the logical and bit manipulation instruction with example.

13. Explain the data transfer and manipulation instruction with example.

13. What are the characteristics of CISC and RISC processes? Explain.

13. Explain data transfer instruction with example.

14. Differentiate between RISC and CISC processor.

1. What do you mean by pipeline? Explain with spare diagram for a six segmented pipeline showing the time it takes to process eight tasks.

3. What are the different types of pipe line hazards? Explain each pipe line hazard with example.

8. Explain an instruction pipeline with suitable examples.

7. Differentiate between instruction pipe line and an arithmetic pipe line.

9. How performance of computer is increased using pipeline. Explain with practical example.

1. Explain the restoring division algorithm with example.

1. Describe the Booth multiplication algorithm with the help of flow chart and suitable example.

1. Write down the non-restoring division flowchart algorithm and divide 5/3 using non-restoring division.

2. Explain the Booth multiplication algorithm with hardware implementation diagram. Multiply -4 x -3 using Booth multiplication algorithm.

1. Explain the non-restoring division algorithm with example.

3. Explain the non-restoring division algorithm with flow chart, and hardware implementation diagram. Divide 10/3 using restoring division.

3. Explain the non-restoring Division algorithm, flow chart hardware implementation with example.

9. Explain the Booth Multiplication algorithm with example.

10. Differentiate between restoring division and non-restoring division.

8. Divide 10/4 using non-restoring division.

9. Describe the steps of multiplication process using Booth algorithm with example.

9. Show the step-by-step multiplication process using booth’s algorithm, when +14 is multiplied by -14. Assume 5-bit registers that hold signed numbers.

9. Explain the Booth algorithm with example.

10. Show the steps of multiplication process using Booth algorithm of the following binary numbers:

Y = 8 x 10.

10. Explain the subtraction algorithm with signed 2’s compliment.

10. Explain the Booth algorithm. Multiply 3 x 5 using booth algorithm.

11. Explain the booth algorithm with example.

15. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Parity generator

(b) Array multiplier

1. What is Input-Output Processor (IOP)? Why IOP is needed in Computer Science? Explain.

3. Define the I/O Interface. Comparison between programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O and direct memory access (DMA).

2. Why do computers need input-output interface? Explain the sequence of operations carried out during CPU-IOP communication with the help of suitable flowchart.

2. Explain the DMA controller with block diagram.

2. What do you mean by I/O interface? Explain the I/O bus and Interface module.

2. What are the major differences between I/O bus and interface modules? What are the advantage and disadvantage of each?

2. What do you mean by DMA? Explain the operation of DMA controller in detail with the help of a suitable diagram.

2. Explain the DMA controller with block diagram. How the DMA interact with I/O device? Explain.

3. What are the three possible modes to transfer the data to and from peripherals? Explain.

3. Differentiate between isolated I/O and memory mapped I/O. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

3. What is input output interface? Differentiate between Input-output bus and memory bus?

7. What the difference is between isolated and memory mapped I/O? What are the different types of I/O commands.

8. What are the different types of I/O techniques? Explain.

8. Differentiate between isolated and memory mapped I/O.

9. What do you mean by DMA controller? What the three register is used in DMA controller? Explain.

11. Differentiate between Input-output processor with Direct memory access.

10. Describe the interrupt initiated I/O mode of data transfer in brief.

10. Differentiate between I/O bus and interface modules.

12. Differentiate between isolated versus memory mapped I/O.

10. Explain the data communication processor with example.

11. Differentiate between isolate and memory mapped I/O.

11. How does DMA controller work? Give an example of DMA  data transfer.

11. Differentiate between isolated I/O and Memory Mapped I/O.

11. What are the difference between I/O bus and interface modules? Explain.

12. What are the major differentiate between Input-output processor (IOP) and direct memory Access (DMA).

12. Differentiate between Input-Output Processor (IOP) and Direct Memory Access (DMA).

12. What is the main function of DMA? Mention the three points DMA configurations.

12. Explain the I/O processor with block diagram.

12. What is DMA transfer? Explain.

13. What is the role of input-output processor (IOP) in computer system? Explain.

13. What are the different types of I/O commands? Explain.

14. What do you mean by interface? What are the major differences between I/O bus and memory

bus?

16. Write short notes on:

(a) Data communication processor 

(b) Computer Instructions

15. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Interrupt cycle

(b) DMA

1. Explain the hierarchy of memory system? What are the key characteristics of memory system? Explain.

1. Explain address mapping using pages. A virtual memory system has an address space of 8K words, a memory space of 4K words, and page and block sizes of 1K words The following page reference changes occur during a given time interval. (Only page changes are listed. If the same page is referenced again, it is not listed twice).

                                    4 2 0 1 2 6 1 4 0 1 0 2 3 5 7

Determine the four pages that are resident in main memory after each page reference change if the replacement algorithm used is (a) FIFO (b) LRU

2. Explain the mapping process. Differentiate between direct mapping and associate mapping.

2. What do you mean by memory system? Explain the characteristics of memory systems of computer.

3. What do you mean by memory organization? Explain the memory management hardware with example.

4. Differentiate between address space and memory space. An address space is specified 2 bits and the corresponding memory space by 16 bits. If a page consists of 2K words, how many pages and blocks are there in the system?

7. What do you mean by memory mapping? Explain.

10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct mapping and associative mapping between cache and main memory?

8. Show the memory organization (1024 bytes) of a compute with four 128x8 RAM Chips and 512x8 ROM Chip. How many address lines are required to access memory?

9. Describe the process of address mapping using memory page table.

11. Give the appropriate reasons why replacement algorithm is required in associative mapping?

9. Define associative memory. Explain with block diagram how it can be implemented.

10. What is virtual memory? What are the major differences between address space and memory space?

11. What do you mean by stack organization? What are the major differences between register stack and memory stack?

11. Explain the virtual memory with example.

12. What do you understand by page replacement and page fault? Explain.

13. What are the key characteristics of computer memory system? Explain.

15. What are the main characteristics of memory system? Explain.

14. What is memory management hardware? Explain.

14. What is the role of memory management hardware? Eexplain.

14. Why replacement algorithm is used in associative and set associative mapping? Explain.

14. Differentiate between associative page table and replacement.

14. What do you understand by memory hierarchy? Explain.

14. What are the main characteristics of memory system? Explain.

15. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Memory protection

(b) Address mapping

15. Write short notes on the following: 

a. Sequential memory hierarchy. 

b. Random memory hierarchy.

15. Write short notes on any two:

(a) Memory protection 

(b) Register transfer language 

15. Write short notes on the following:

a) Memory space

b) Address space

15. Write short notes on the following:

a) Management Hardware

b) I/O interface