Database Management System - Unit Wise Questions

1. Answer the following questions in short:(5 x 2 = 10)

    (a) Differentiate between Database Manager and database Administrator.

1.a) Why do we need database management system? Discuss drawbacks of file system and advantages of database management system. [2+3]

1.(a) What is database management system? Discuss the advantages of using database management system over file system.(2+3 =5)

1.Answer the following questions in short.(5x2=10)

    a. Advantage of DBMS approach over file system approach.

    b) Advantage of DBMS approach over file system approach.

1. What are different types of Database users and their roles? Explain the Data independence with example.

    (c) Data encryption

2.(a) Who is data administrator? What are the main function of database administrator?(2 + 3 = 5)

1. Answer the following questions in short: (5x2=10)

    a)Three-schema architecture

1. Answer the following questions in short:  (5 x 2 = 10)

    (a) Differentiate between program-data independence and program-operation independence.

1. Answer the following questions in short:    (5 x 2 =10)

    a) Differentiate between two-tier and three-tier client/server architecture.

1. Answer the following questions in short:(5 x 2 = 10)

    (a)Data abstraction

    b) What is database system architecture? Describe three levels and benefits of this architecture. [1+4]

    (b) The ANSI/SPARC architecture with diagram.

    (b) Network data model

    (b)Hierarchical data model

    (b) What is data abstraction? Discuss three levels of this abstraction (1+4=5)

    (b) Relational database

1. Answer the following questions in short:(5 x 2 = 10)

    a) Differentiate between logical data independence and physical data independence.

    b. Differentiate between two-tier and three-tier client/server architecture.

    b) Three-schema architectures.

    (c) Differentiate between procedural and non procedural DMLs.

    c) Difference between logical data independence and physical data independence.

    (c)Domain data model

    c) Differentiate between database schema and a database state.

1. What are the advantages of using Database Management System over traditional filing system? Explain different data models with example.(3 + 7)

    e) Differentiate between program-data independence and program-operation independence.

2.(a) What is data definition language? How is it different from data manipulation language?(2 + 3 = 5) 

4. What is difference between logical data independence and physical data independence?

    (b) What do you mean by Hierarchical model? Explain.(6)

4. What is data abstraction? What are three levels of data abstraction? Explain.(2 + 3)

    (b) Differentiate between distributed DBMS and client-server DBMS.(5)

1. Answer the following questions.(5 x 2 = 10)

    (a)Specialization

    b) The null value attribute and its uses.

2. A database is being constructed to keep track of the teams and games of a sports league. A team has a number of players, not all of whom participate in each game. If is desired to keep track of the players participating in each game. Design an ER diagram for this application. [10]

    c. What is weak entity, owner entity type and identifying relationship?

    c) What is weak entity, owner entity type and identifying relationship?

2. what are the components of ER diagram? Explain the function of various symbols use in ER diagram. Construct an ER diagram to store data in a library of your college.

2. a) Construct an ERD to record the marks that students get in different exams of different course offerings.(5)

    d) When is the concept of a weak entity used in data modeling?

    (d) The difference among an entity, an entity type, and an entity set.

    d) Different types of data attributes.

    d.The null value attribute and its uses.

    (e) When is the concept of a weak entity is used in data modeling?

    d) Different type of data attributes.

    e) The difference among a relationship instance, a relationship type and a relationship set.

    e)The difference among a relationship instance, a relationship type, and relationship set.

2. (a) Given an ER diagram for a database showing Bank. Each Bank can have multiple Branches, and each branch can have multiple accounts and loans. [6]

2. a) Draw an ER diagram for database showing hospital system. The Hospital maintains data about affiliated Hospitals, type of treatments facilities given at each hospital and patients.(6)

2. a)Draw an ER diagram for a database showing Hospital system. The Hospital maintains data about Affiliated Hospitals, type of Treatments facilities given at each hospital, and Patients.(6)

2. (a) What do you mean by Entity-relationship model? Explain strong and weak entity set.(6)

    e) The difference among a relationship instance, a relationship type, and relationship set.

2. (a) Draw an ER diagram for a database to keep track of the teams and games of a sport league. A team has a number of players, not all of whom participate in each game. It is desired to keep track of the players participating in each game for each team, the position they played in that game, and the result of the game.(6)

2. a) Draw an ER diagram for database showing Bank. Each Bank can have multiple branches, and each branch can have multiple accounts and loans. (6)

5. Explain Relationship and Relationship sets with example.

2(b) Construct an E-R diagram for online book store where customers buy books online.(5)

    (b) Construct an E-R diagram for online course registration where students registers courses online.(5)

    (b) What is composite attributes? Explain.(4)

5. What is difference between Entities and Entity sets? Explain with example.(5)

12. Explain the use of primary and foreign key in DBMS with example. What is the role of foreign key?(3 + 2)

    (c)Trigger

3.(a) Define integrity constraint? Discuss referential integrity in detail. [1+4]

    b) Define integrity constraint? Discuss domain constraint with suitable example.(1+4=5)

3.(a) Which part of the RDBMS taken care of the data dictionary? Explain.(4)

4.(a) Discuss referential integrity with example.(5)

7. Differentiate between Integrity and Security with example.(5)

    b) In what sense does a relational calculus differ from relational algebra, and in what sense are they similar?(4)

4.Consider the following supplier database, where primary keys are underlined:(20)

Supplier (supplier-id, supplier-name, city)

Supplies (supplier-id, part-id, quantity)

Parts (part-id, part-name, color, weight)

Construct the following relational algebra queries for this relational database

a)Find the name of all supplies located in city "Kathmandu".

b) Find the name of all parts supplied "ABC Company".

c)Find the name of all parts that are supplied in quantity greater than 300.

d)Find the number of parts supplied by "ABC Company'.

e)Find the name of all suppliers who supply more than 30 different parts

    (b) What is union compatibility? Define operations union, intersection, and difference on two union compatible relations R and S with suitable example.[4]

    b)What is join operation? Differentiate between equijoin and natural join with suitable example.(4)

    (b)What is union compatibility? Define operations union, intersection, and difference on two union compatible relations R and S with suitable example.(4)

    b) In what sense does a relational calculus differ from relational algebra, and in what sense are they similar? (4)

9. Explain the difference between "Join" and "Natural Join" of algebraic operators with example.

4.Consider the following employee database, where primary keys are underlined. [20]

employee (employee-name, street, city)

works (employee-name, company-name, salary)

company (company-name, manager-name)

manages (employee-name, manager-name)

Give an expression in SQL for each of the following queries.

a)Find the names of all employees who work for Second Bank Corporation.

b) Find the names, street and cities of residence of all employees who work for Second Bank

Corporation.

c)Find the names, street addresses, and cities of residence of all employees who work for Second

Bank Corporation and earn less than $10,000.

d) Find the names of all employees who work under the manager “Devi Prasad”.

e)Find the number of employees having salary greater than or equal to 20000

3. a)Assume a database about Company.(5)

     EMPLOYEE (ss#, name)

     COMPANY (cname, address)

     WORKS (ss#, cname)

     SUPERVISE ( superviser_ss#, employee_ss#)

     Write relational algebra and SQL queries for each of the following cases.

       i)Find the names of all supervisors that work in companies whose address equals ‘Biratnagar'.

       ii)Find the name of all the companies who have more than 10 employees.

       iii)Find the name of supervisor who has the minimum number of employees.

3. (a) Describe the different clauses in the syntax of an SQL query, and show what types of constructs can be specified in each clause.[5]

6. Retrieve the TName, SName, SPhone for "ABC" school using SQL from given relation as below.

        TEACHER(TID, TName, TAddress, TQualification)

        SCHOOL(SID, SName, SAddress, SPhone)

        SCHOOL_TEACHER(SID, TID, No_of Period).

3. Consider the following database, where primary keys are underlined

teaches(TID, TName, Qualification)

teaches(TID, CID)

course(CID, CName, CCode)

Construct the following relational algebra and SQL queries for this database.(10)

(a) Find the names of all teaches who have PhD qualification.

(b) Find the names of all courses taught by Ram Prasad.

(c) Find the total number of courses taught by Ram Prasad.

3. Consider the following database, where primary keys are underlined

student (SID, SName, semester)

studies (SID, CID)

course (CID, CName, CCode)

Construct the following relational algebra and SQL queries for this database.(10)

(a) Find the names of all students in third semester.

(b) Find the names of all courses studied by Ram.

(c) Find the total number of students who study DBMS.

3.a)Assume a database about Company.

     EMPLOYEE (ss#, name)

     COMPANY (cname, address)

     WORKS (ss#, cname)

     SUPERVISES (supervisor_ss#, employee_ss#)

     Write relational algebra and SQL queries for each of the following cases.(5)

       (i)Find the names of all the supervisors that work in companies whose address equal ‘Kathmandu’.

       (ii)Find the names of all the companies who have more than 4 supervisors.

       (iii)Find the name of the supervisor who has the largest number of employees.

    b) What is constraint? How does SQL allow implementation of general integrity constraints?(1+4)

    (b) How view is defined in SQL? Explain the problems that may arise when one attempts to update a view. [1+4]

3. a) Assume a database about Company.(5)

     EMPLOYEE (ss#, name)

     COMPANY (cname, address)

     WORKS (ss#, cname)

     SUPERVISE ( superviser_ss#, employee_ss#)

     Write relational algebra and SQL queries for each of the following cases.

       i) Find the names of all supervisors that work in companies whose address equals ‘pokhara’.

       ii) Find the name of all the companies who have more than 4 supervisors.

       iii) Find the name of supervisor who has the largest number of employees.

    b)How can define view in SQL? Explain the problems that may arise when one attempts to update a view.(1+4)

3. (a) Describe the different clauses in the syntax of an SQL query, and show what type of constructs can be specified in each clause. (5)

    (b) What is constraint? How does SQL allow implementation of general integrity constraints? (1+4)

    b) What is a view in SQL and how it is defined? Explain how views are typically implemented. (5)

6. Create two table Courses (CID, Course, Dept) and HoD (Dept, Head) using SQL language with all constraints [Primary key, Foreign key and Referential Integrity]. Assume the types of attributes by your own.(5)

    (d)Trivial functional dependency

(d) Non trivial functional dependency

3. a) With the information given below, calculate any three members of F(6)

        R = (A, B, C, G, H, I)

        F = {A - > B, A - > C, CG - > I, B - > H}

    (b) What is functional dependency? How can we use functional dependency to normalize a relation in 3NF?Discuss with suitable example. [1+2+2]

3. What is normal form? Explain their types. Explain about loss-less join decomposition.(3 + 3 + 4 = 10)

    b) Discuss 2NF and 3NF with suitable example. (4)

4.(a) Discuss loss-less decomposition and dependency preservation property of normalization.(2.5 + 2.5 = 5)

7. What is integrity? Explain different types of database integrity.

8. Define Functional dependencies. Explain trivial and non trivial dependencies?

4. (a) Define Boyce-Codd normal form. How does it differ from 3NF? Why is it considered a stronger form of 3NF? [1+4]

4.a)What are different update anomalies? Explain each in with suitable example.(1+4)

4. a) Define a first, second, and third normal forms with suitable examples (5)

4.(a) Explain the functional dependency and Trivial functional dependency with examples.(5)

4(b) What is functional dependency? Why do we need inference rules?(2.5 + 2.5 = 5)

    (b) Discuss 3NF with example. How is it different from BCNF?(3 + 2 = 5)

5. What are the benefits of using normalization? Discuss 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF with suitable example.(2.5 + 7.5 = 10)

    (b) What is a functional dependency? When are two sets of functional dependencies equivalent? How can we determine their equivalence? [1+4]

    b)Define functional dependency. Describe the closure of a set of functional dependencies with an example.(1+4)

    b) What is a functional dependency? Describe full and partial dependency with suitable example.(1+4)

4. (a) Define Boyce-Codd normal form. How does it differ from 3 NF? Why is it considered a stronger form of 3NF?(1+4)

4. a) Define a first, second, and third normal forms with suitable examples (5)

    (b) What is functional dependency? Describe full and partial functional dependency with suitable example. (1+4)

    b) What is a functional dependency? When are two sets of functional dependencies equivalent? How can we determine their equivalence(1+2+2)

5. Comparision between 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF with example.(10)

12. Explain Boyce-Codd normal form with example. How it is different than 3^rd Normal form.

    (e) Serializable schedule

5. a)What is serializable schedule? How can you test a schedule for conflict serializability?.(2+3=5)

5. a) Draw a state diagram, and discuss the typical state that a transaction goes through during transaction.(5)

5. (a) Discuss the ACID properties of a database transaction with suitable example.[5]

    (b) Indicate how the recovery scheme works in a single user environment if the system fails

        i)After the transaction starts and before the read.

        ii)After the read and before the write.

        iii)After the write and before the commit.

        iv)After the commit and before al database entries are flushed onto disk.[5]

    b) Describe the serial and serializable schedule? Why serializable schedule is consider correct?(5)

11. Define schedule and serializability. How can you test the serializability?

5. (a) Discuss the ACID properties of a database transaction with suitable example.(5)

5.a) Draw a state diagram, and discuss the typical state that a transaction goes through during transaction.(5)

5. a) Discuss the ACID properties of a database transaction with suitable example.(5)

    (b)What is schedule? Define the concept of recoverable, cascadeless, and strict schedule, and compare them in terms of their recoverability.(1+4)

    b) Describe the serial and serializable schedule? Why serializable schedule is consider correct?(5)

8. Define schedule and serializability. How can you test the serializability?(2 + 3)

b) Which of the following schedule is (conflict) Serializable? For each serializable schedule, determine the equivalent serial schedules.(5)

    i)r1(x); r3(x); w1(x); r2(x); w3(x);

    ii)r1(x); r3(x); w3(x); w1(x); r2(x);

    iii)r3(x); r2(x); w3(x); r1(x); w1(x);

    iv)r3(x); r2(x); r1(x); w3(x); w1(x);

    (d) Lock base protocols

3. Explain deadlock and starvation. Explain Time stamp based protocol for concurrency control?

2. What is concurrency control? Name various methods of controlling the concurrency control? Differentiate between Binary lock and shared/Exclusive lock.(3 + 3 + 4 = 10)

    (e) Deadlock handling

5.(a) Why do we need concurrency control mechanism? Discuss basic, conservative, and rigorous two phase locking algorithm. [2+3]

5. (a) Discuss timestamp based concurrency control technique.(4)

6.(a) Why do we need concurrency control? Discuss two phase locking protocol.(2 + 3 = 5 )

    (b) What is deadlock? Discuss deadlock prevention, avoidence and detection and recovery techniques.(2 + 4 = 6)

6. (a) What is the two-phase locking protocol? How does it guarantee serializability?[5]

6.a) How does the granularity of data items affects the performance of concurrency control? What factors affect selections of granularity size for data items? (5)

6.(a) Explain the concurrences control mechanism in detail with example.(6)

9. What is Granulity of data items? How does it effect in concurrency control?(2 + 3)

6.a) How does the granularity of data items affects the performance of concurrency control? What factors affect selections of granularity size for data items?(5)

6. (a) What is the two-phase locking protocol? How does it guarantee serializability?(5)

6.a) Discuss the problems of deadlock and starvation, and the different approaches to dealing with these problems.(5)

    (b) What are the methods used to prevent the system from dead lock?(4)

    b) Describe the two-phase commit protocol for database transaction. (5)

10. Explain 2 phase locking technique in brief.(5)

    (e) Checkpoint

    (b) What is shadow paging? How can we use this technique to recover our database? [5]

    b) Discuss recovery technique base on deferred update with concurrent execution in multi-user environment.(5)

10. What is Checkpoints in database recovery? How does it help in database recovery? Explain.

    (b) Why do we need database recovery? Discuss shadow paging technique for database recovery.(2 + 3 = 5)

6. (a) Why do you need recovery? Discuss different types of failures.(2 + 3 = 5)

    (b) What is log-based recovery? Discuss the recovery technique for the loss of non-volatile storage.(2 + 3 = 5)

    (b) What is meant by transaction rollback? What is meant by cascading rollback? Why do practical recovery methods use protocols that do not permit cascading rollback? [5]

    b) Describe write ahead logging protocol.(5)

    (b) What do you mean by transaction rollback? What is meant by cascading rollback? Why do practical recovery methods use protocols that do not permit cascading rollback? (5)

    b)Describe write-ahead logging protocol.(5)

11. What are the different approaches of Database recover? What should log file maintain in log-based recovery?(3 +- 2 = 5)