Introduction to Artificial Intelligence - Old Questions

Natural language processing is a technology which involves converting spoken or written human language into a form which can be processed by computers, and vice versa. NLP is composed of two parts: NLU and NLG.

Issues involved in the natural language processing are given below:

1. The same expression means different things in different context.

·         Where’s the water? ( Chemistry lab? Must be pure)

·         Where’s the water? ( Thirsty? Must be drinking water)

·         Where’s the water? ( Leaky roof? It can be dirty)

2. No natural language program can be complete because of new words, expression, and meaning can be generated quite freely.

·         I’ll fax it to you

3.  There are lots of ways to say the same thing.

·         Ram was born on October 11.

·         Ram’s birthday is October 11.

4.  Sentence and phrases might have hidden meanings

•      “Out of sight, out of mind”-> “ invisible idiot”

•      “The spirit was willing but the flesh was weak” - > “ the vodka was good, but the meat was bad”

5.  Problem due to syntax and semantics

6.  Problem due to extensive use of pronouns. (semantic issue)

•      Eg. Ravi went to the supermarket. He found his favorite brand of coffee in rack. He paid for it and left.

•      It denotes??

7.  Use of grammatically incorrect sentence

•      He rice eats. (syntax issue)

8.  Use of conjunctions to avoid repetition of phrases cause problem in NLP

•      Eg. Ram and Hari went to restaurant. While Ram had a cup of coffee, Hari had tea.

•      Hari had a cup of tea.