Simulation and modeling - Old Questions

a. Replication of runs

This approach is used to obtain independent results by repeating the simulation. Repeating the experiment with different random numbers for the same sample size n gives a set of independent determinations of the sample mean  .The mean of the means and the mean of the variances are then used to estimate the confidence interval.

Suppose the experiment is repeated p times with independent random values of n sample sizes. Let x_ij be the i^th observation in j^th run and let the sample mean and the variance for the j^th run is denoted by  and  respectively. Then for j^th run, the estimates are

Combining the result of p independent measurement gives the following estimate for the mean and variance s² of the populations as:

b. Simulation tools

Simulation tool is a software which is used for simulating hardware, software and network. It is a type of software based on the process of modeling a real world phenomenon with mathematical formula. This program allows the user to observe the operation without actually performing that operation . Its main importance is: how it actually supports the model building.