Operating Systems - Syllabus

Overview of E-commerce and its significance in the digital age.

Understanding the differences between E-business and E-commerce.

Key characteristics and benefits of E-commerce.

Types of E-commerce models and their applications.

Evolution and development of E-commerce over time.

Understanding the components of E-commerce framework including People, Public Policy, Marketing and Advertisement, Support Services, and Business Partnerships.

Overview of different types of E-commerce including B2C, B2B, C2B, C2C, M-Commerce, U-commerce, Social-Ecommerce, and Local E-commerce.

Feistel Cipher Structure is a design model for block ciphers, and Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) is a method of constructing block ciphers. Both are fundamental concepts in symmetric cryptography.

Data Encryption Standards (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher, and its variants include Double DES and Triple DES. These are important encryption algorithms in cryptography.

This topic focuses on the management of processes in an operating system, including process creation, scheduling, and synchronization.

This topic covers the management of memory in an operating system, including memory allocation, deallocation, and protection.

This topic deals with the management of input/output operations in an operating system, including I/O scheduling and device management.

This topic covers the various services provided by an operating system, including process execution, file management, and communication.

This topic focuses on the interface between the operating system and user-level applications, including system calls for process, file, and directory management.

This topic deals with the monolithic structure of operating systems, where the entire operating system is a single, large program.

This topic covers the layered structure of operating systems, where the operating system is divided into multiple layers, each with its own responsibilities.

This topic focuses on the microkernel structure of operating systems, where the operating system is divided into a small core and various modules.

This topic deals with the exokernel structure of operating systems, where the operating system provides a minimal set of services and relies on user-level applications for additional functionality.

This topic covers the use of virtual machines in operating systems, where a virtual machine provides a layer of abstraction between the operating system and user-level applications.

This topic deals with the storage structures used in operating systems, including file systems, disk management, and storage allocation.

This topic covers the I/O structures used in operating systems, including I/O devices, device drivers, and I/O management.

This topic focuses on the file structures used in operating systems, including file organization, file allocation, and file protection.

This topic deals with the protection mechanisms used in operating systems, including access control, memory protection, and I/O protection.

This topic covers various project management techniques used to plan, organize, and control projects. It includes developing project management plans and implementing, monitoring, and controlling projects.

This topic focuses on creating an environment that fosters collaboration and teamwork. It includes communications planning, organizing and conducting effective meetings, and other collaborative development strategies.

Methods of communication between processes, including race conditions and critical sections.

Techniques for achieving mutual exclusion, including busy waiting, sleep and wakeup, semaphores, monitors, and message passing.

The organization of memory in a computer system, including main memory, RAM, ROM, and auxiliary memory. This topic covers the memory address map and connection to the CPU.

The primary storage for data and program instructions in a computer system, including RAM and ROM chips.

A type of memory that uses hardware organization and match logic to perform read and write operations.

A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data, using locality of reference and mapping to improve performance.

Secondary storage devices, including magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, used to store data and programs when not in use by the CPU.

Identifying and addressing common sources of measurement problems in business research, including errors and biases.

Understanding the concepts of population, sample, and sampling in business research, including the importance of sampling and its applications.

Exploring the factors that influence the size of the sample in business research, including population size, variability, and desired level of precision.

Learning about the steps involved in the sampling process, including problem definition, population definition, and sample selection.

Understanding the different types of samples, including probability sampling (random, stratified, and systematic) and non-probability sampling (convenience, judgment, and snowball).

Distinguishing between sampling errors and non-sampling errors in business research, including their causes and consequences.

Page tables and paging hardware are used to manage the mapping of pages to secondary storage.

TLB is a cache that stores recently accessed page table entries to speed up page translation.

Page replacement algorithms, such as principle of optimality, FIFO, LRU, and LFU, determine which page to replace when memory is full.

Segmentation involves dividing a program into logical segments, which are mapped to memory.

Segmentation with paging involves combining segmentation and paging to manage memory allocation.

File systems manage files and directories on storage devices, providing a hierarchical structure for organizing data.

File naming involves assigning a unique name to a file, which can include extensions and attributes.

File structure refers to the organization of data within a file, including headers, metadata, and content.

File types determine the format and content of a file, such as text, image, or executable.

File access and attributes determine the permissions and properties of a file, such as read-only or hidden.

File operations include create, delete, read, and write, which are used to manipulate files.

Access methods determine how files are accessed, such as sequential or random access.

Directories and levels organize files into a hierarchical structure, with directories containing subdirectories and files.

Directory operations include create, delete, and navigate, which are used to manage directories.

File system mounting and sharing involve making a file system available for use by multiple users or systems.

Protection and access control involve controlling access to files and directories based on user identity and permissions.

File system layout and implementation involve designing and implementing a file system, including data structures and algorithms.

Contiguous allocation involves allocating a contiguous block of memory or disk space for a file.

Linked list allocation involves using a linked list to manage free space on a disk, allowing for efficient allocation and deallocation.

Inodes are data structures that contain metadata about a file, such as permissions, ownership, and location.

File system examples include Unix, Windows, and Linux file systems, which demonstrate different design and implementation approaches.

Overview of E-commerce and its significance in the digital age.

Understanding the differences between E-business and E-commerce.

Key characteristics and benefits of E-commerce.

Types of E-commerce models and their applications.

Evolution and development of E-commerce over time.

Understanding the components of E-commerce framework including People, Public Policy, Marketing and Advertisement, Support Services, and Business Partnerships.