Fundamentals of Computer Programming - Unit Wise Questions

Algorithm:

1.  Start

2.  Input A,B,C

3.  If (A>B) and (A>C) then print “A is greater”.

Else if (B>A) and (B>C) then print “B is greater”.

Else print “C is greater”.

4.  Stop

Flowchart:

}

a) a = b-i/k+c/k = 6.5-3/8+3.5/8 = 6.5-0+0.4375 = 6.9375

b) a = (b-k)/j+(j+c)/k = (6.5-8)/4+(4+3.5)/8 = 0.5625

c) a = c-((i+j)/(k+i))*b = 3.5-((3+4)/(8+3))*6.5 = 3.5-0*6.5 = 3.5

d)  a = c-i+j/k+i*b = 3.5-3+4/8+3 *6.5 = 3.5-3+0+19.5 = 0.5 + 19.5 = 20

e) a = c+j%2+b = 3.5+4%2+6.5 = 3.5+0+6.5 = 10

f) a = (b+1)%(c+1) = (6.5+1)%(3.5+1) = 7.5%4.5 = Not valid

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int i, n, sum=0;

  printf("Enter n value: ");
  scanf("%d", &n);

  for(i=0; i<=n; i++)
  {
     sum += (i*i);
  }

  printf("Sum of squares of first %d natural numbers = %d", n, sum);
  return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

     int a[3][3]={{3,5,7},{2,-3,4,{4,5,2}};

     int b[3][2]={{7,6},{6,-5},{4,3}};

     int i, j, k, c[3][2];

     for(i=0;i<3;i++)

     {

        for(j=0;j<2;j++)

        {

           c[i][j]=0;

           for(k=0;k<3;k++)

           {

               c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];

          }

          }

     for(i=0;i<3;i++)

     {

printf() function

printf is an output function which has been defined in stdio.h file. What ever is put inside the function printf between two double quotes is printed on the screen.

E.g. printf(“Welcome to C programming”);

    Output: Welcome to C programming

Header file

A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files. There are two types of header files: the files that the programmer writes and the files that comes with your compiler.

You request to use a header file in your program by including it with the C preprocessing directive #include, like you have seen inclusion of stdio.h header file, which comes along with your compiler.

main function

Every C-programs needs to have the main function. Each main function contains 2 parts.

Declaration part: The declaration part declares all the variables used in the executable part.

Executable part: There is at least one statement in the executable part. These two parts must appear between the opening and closing braces. The program execution begins at the opening brace and ends at the closing brace. The closing brace of the main function is the logical end of the program.

E.g.

int main( )

{

    int a=10;

    printf(“%d”, a);

    return 0;

}

Now,

Given,

    int a = 8, b = 5;

    float x = 0.005, y = -0.01;

1) 2 * ((a / 5) + 4 * (b – 3)) % (a + b - 2));

    = 2*((8/5)+4*(5-3))%(8+5-2)

    = 2*(1+4*2)%11

    = 2*9 % 11

    = 18 % 11

    = 7

2) (x > y) && (a > 0) || (b < 5);

    = (0.005>-0.01)&&(8>0)||(5<5)

    = (1)&&(1)||(0)

    = 1|| 0

    = 1

3) (a > b)?a:b;

    = (8>5)?8:5;

    = 8    [Using ternary principle)

Some names of graphics function:

initgraph(): it is one of the function that is used to initialize the computer in graphics mode. Its syntax is as

        initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "graphics driver path");

closegraph(): It is the graphical function that is used to close the graphics mode initialized by the initgraph() function.

setcolor(color): It is a function that is used to set the color of the drawing object with given color. The color is indicated by the integer from 0 to 15 ( 16 color)

lineto(x, y): draws the line from current position to (x,y) position.

clrscr(): It is used to clear the screen and locates the curser at the beginning of the screen.

cputs(string): it writes a string given to function to the user defined window screen.

putch(char) : it writes a character given to function to the user defined area of window.

line(a, b, c, d): draws line from (a,b) to (c,d).

circle(x, y, r): prints circle with center (x,y) and radius r.

rectangle(a, b, c, d): prints rectangle where (a,b) is upper left coordinate and (c,d) is lower right co-ordinates of rectangle.

Program to read line of text then count no. of vowels, No. of digits and no. of spaces:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

    char str[200];

    int i, vowels=0, digits=0, spaces=0;

    printf("Enter a string\\n");

    gets(str);

    for(i=0;str[i]!='\\0';i++)

    {

        if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' ||str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' ||str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' ||str[i]=='U')

        {

            vowels++;

        }

        else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9')

        {

            digits++;

        }

        else if (str[i]==' ')

        {

            spaces++;

        }

    }

    printf("\\nVowels = %d",vowels);

    printf("\\nDigits = %d",digits);

    printf("\\nWhite spaces = %d",spaces);

}