Introduction to Information Technology - Unit Wise Questions
1. Explain the major functions of a digital computers.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use.
A typical digital computer system has three basic functional elements:
1. Input/Output (I/O) Unit,
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU), and
3. Memory Unit.
The I/O unit consists of the input unit and the output unit. CPU performs calculations and processing on the input data, to generate the output. The memory unit is used to store the data, the instructions and the output information. The following figure illustrates the typical interaction among the different components of the computer.
Fig:: Interaction among the different components of computer
Input/Output Unit
The user interacts with the computer via the I/O unit. The Input unit accepts data from the user and the Output unit provides the processed data i.e. the information to the user. The Input unit converts the data that it accepts from the user, into a form that is understandable by the computer. Similarly, the Output unit provides the output in a form that is understandable by the user. The input is provided to the computer using input devices like keyboard, trackball and mouse. Some of the commonly used output devices are monitor and printer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU controls, coordinates and supervises the operations of the computer. It is responsible for processing of the input data. CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU).
- ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic operations on the input data.
- CU controls the overall operations of the computer i.e. it checks the sequence of execution of instructions, and, controls and coordinates the overall functioning of the units of computer.
Additionally, CPU also has a set of registers for temporary storage of data, instructions, addresses and intermediate results of calculation.
Memory Unit
Memory unit stores the data, instructions, intermediate results and output, temporarily, during the processing of data. This memory is also called the main memory or primary memory of the computer. The input data that is to be processed is brought into the main memory before processing. The instructions required for processing of data and any intermediate results are also stored in the main memory. The output is stored in memory before being transferred to the output device. CPU can work with the information stored in the main memory. Another kind of storage unit is also referred to as the secondary memory of the computer. The data, the programs and the output are stored permanently in the storage unit of the computer. Magnetic disks, optical disks and magnetic tapes are examples of secondary memory.
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1. Compare the first electronic computer and its feature with commercial computer
and its features
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1. Mention the different categories of digital computers and compare it.
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1. Explain the major components and the characteristics of computers.
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1. Explain how the CPU and memory work with suitable diagram. Compare between CISC and RISC architecture in brief.
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1. Discuss different auxiliary storage devices in detail.
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1. What is input device? Discuss MICR. Differentiate between OCR and OMR.
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4. What do you mean by the speed of a computer?
The speed of a computer refers to how fast a computer can process information, also referred to as performance. The most important components to consider with regard to a computer’s speed and computing power are the processor, memory and video card. Other factors and components can impact a computers performance but these are the main foundation for performance.
The CPU, central processing unit is the brains of the computer and the speed is referred to as clock speed. The RAM is random access memory that is used while the computer is running, speed and size is important. The hard drive’s speed is more important than is it’s size. The video card’s chip type, speed and onboard video ram is also very important to the overall speed and performance of the computer.
A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing mathematical calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The time taken by computers for their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds.
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5. What do you mean by super computer?
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4. What are the different kinds of output devices?
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4. How is PC different from a workstation?
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4. Mention the different categories of digital computers.
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4. Differentiate between RISC and CISC.
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6. What is an auxiliary storage device?
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4. What are the major components of a computer?
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4. What is the function of memory?
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4. Discuss different characteristics of computers.
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5. Subtract (101111)2 from (1100001)2
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5. Explain the functions of the memory.
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5. Describe the working principle of processor.
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5. Subtract (10111011) from (11000001)
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5. Define RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM.
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5. What are the major auxiliary storage devices for a computer?
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6. How EEPROM is different from EPROM and PROM?
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6. Differentiate between random access devices and sequential access device.
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8. What do you mean by multitasking?
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7. What do you mean by multitasking?
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7. Differentiate between mouse and a trackball.
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7. What is the difference between sequential and direct-access file processing?
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7. What are the different kinds of input devices?
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8. Differentiate between impact and non-impact printer.
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9. What are the major difference between a random access device and a sequential access device?
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9. What do you mean by multiprocessing?
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11. What is multimedia? Discuss its uses.
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2. Discuss different types of computer software with example.
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2. What is operating system? Discuss functions and classifications of operating system.
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2. Explain the functions of an operating system.
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2. What is computer software? Explain the system software and application
software with example.
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3. Explain the functions of an operating system. How does operating system work?
Explain.
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7. What are the different types of software?
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5. What are the different types of software used in the computer systems?
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5. What is an application software?
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6. Differentiate between compiler and interpreter. Is it possible to run a computer system without operating system?
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6. What are the differences between third and fourth generation language?
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6. What is the advantage of graphical user interface (GUI)?
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6. What are the features of today's software applications? Explain.
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6. What are the features of software?
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9. Differentiate between high level language and low level language.
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8. What is system software?
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8. Differentiate between Compilers and Interpreters.
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10. Differentiate between third generation languages and fourth generation languages.
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10. What is real time operating system?
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11. What is CAI and what are its advantages?
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13. Write short notes on (any two):
a) Spamming b) Assembly languages c) ISDN
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13. Write short notes on (any two):
a) Compiler and interpreters b) Data Normalization.
c) MICR, OCR and OMR
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2. Explain the first, second and third normal form and compare it.
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2. Explain the different types of database management systems with example.
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2. What is a database management system? Explain different levels of database
services. Describe meaning use and purpose of each level.
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3. Discuss file processing and database processing. What are the benefits of using database processing over file processing? Discuss different types of DBMS.
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6. What are the major characteristics of data in a database?
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7. Discuss the importance of storing data in a database.
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7. What do you mean by normalization?
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7. Discuss different types of relationship used in database management system with suitable example.
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7. What are the different normal forms in database design?
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10. What are the advantages of using database?
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10. What are the components of a data ware house?
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13. What are the components of a data ware house?
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11. What do you mean by normalization?
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2. Explain how a distributed data processing system works.
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2. Differentiate between centralized Data processing system and Distributed Data Processing System. State advantages and disadvantages of distributed systems.
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3. Explain the different type of modulation with suitable figure.
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3. Explain the network topology. What are the different types of network topologies?
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3. Define network protocol. Discuss different types of network topologies along with
merits and demerits.
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8. What are the major components of a computer networks?
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8. Explain the meaning of up-link, down-link and cross-link.
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8. Why do we need to convert data into signal? Discuss analog and digital signal.
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8. Describe the different types of computer networks in brief.
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8. What is modulation? Discuss the need of modulation.
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11. What are the different types of network architecture?
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9. Why do we need network protocol? Discuss.
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9. What are the major advantages of distributed data processing?
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9. What is network protocol? Why do we need it?
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11. Explain the different types of computer network.
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11. Mention the different types of network architecture.
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11. Explain CAD/CAM System.
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12. What do you mean by TCP/IP and how does it work?
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12. Describe the communication processor.
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12. Define the modem. How does it work?
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13. What are the major disadvantages of distributed data processing?
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1. What do you mean by Internet? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Internet.
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3. What do you mean by Intranet? Explain the advantage and disadvantage of Intranet.
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3. Explain the relationship between intranet, extranets and e-commerce. What is
business to customer e-commerce and its benefits?
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3. Explain about Internet and Intranet. List some activities that you can do on Internet. Describe, how the World Wide Web is different from the Internet?
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9. What is HTML and what is its importance?
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9. How will you compose, reply and forward an e-mail message?
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10. What is domain name? Why is it different from ip address?
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10. What are the different protocols available on the Internet?
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10. What is the difference between data mining and other data verification
technologies?
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10. What is GIS? What are the components of GIS? How GIS works?
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10. Discuss the common uses of internet.
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12. How can you define the addresses on the Internet?
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11. What is hypermedia? Discuss its characteristics.
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11. How does an email work?
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12. Discuss data warehousing and data mining along with advantages.
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12. What do you mean by Intranet?
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12. What is GIS? Discuss different GIS technologies.
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13. Define Internet. How does the Internet work?
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13. What are the major characteristics of the Intranet?
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12. Explain office automation and its technologies.
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13. What do you mean by office automation systems?
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13. How can we use IT in science and Engineering? Discuss.
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13. How can we use IT in business and industry? Explain.
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